Alzheimers disease essays

Alzheimers disease essays Alzheimers Disease Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that damages the memory, thinking and behavior in someone. The person with AD may experience confusion, personality and behavior changes, damage the decision making in someone, and difficulty thinking of words, finishing thoughts or following directions. It eventually leaves the person unable of caring for himself or herself. The nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls memory, thinking, are damaged, stopping the passage of messages between cells. The cells develop typical changes that are called neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The cortex of the brain shrinks; the spaces in the center of the brain become bigger, also reducing surface area in the brain. Alzheimer's Disease is a, which leads to loss of brain capacity. Symptoms usually occur in older adults and include loss of language skills, trouble finding words, problems with thinking, bad choices, confusion in place and time, mood swings, and changes in personality. This disease is not communicable, it is also not congenital you get it at an old age not at birth or at an early age. Alzheimer's Disease affects men and women about equal. The disease strikes older people more common, affecting about 10% of Americans over age 65 and 47% of those over age 85. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not known. Researchers are studying assumed causes such as neurological damage, chemical deficiencies, viruses, genetic abnormalities, environmental toxins and malfunctions in the bodys disease defense systems. There is a slightly increased risk that family of patients with Alzheimer's disease will get it. Some patients who get the disease in middle age have a familial type, which means more than one get it in the family. Right now there is no cure or treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, there are many dishonest individuals ...

The Governments Role in the Economy

The Government's Role in the Economy In the narrowest sense, the governments involvement in the economy is to help correct market failures or situations in which private markets cannot maximize the value that they could create for society.  This includes providing public goods, internalizing externalities (consequences of economic activities on unrelated third parties), and enforcing competition.  That being said, many societies have accepted a broader involvement of government in a capitalist economy. While consumers and producers make most of the decisions that mold the economy, government activities have a powerful effect on the U.S. economy in several areas. Promoting Stabilization and Growth Perhaps most important, the federal government guides the overall pace of economic activity, attempting to maintain steady growth, high levels of employment, and price stability. By adjusting spending and tax rates (known as fiscal policy) or managing the money supply and controlling the use of credit (known as monetary policy), it can slow down or speed up the economys rate of growth and, in the process, affect the level of prices and employment. For many years following the Great Depression of the 1930s, recessions- periods of slow economic growth and high unemployment often defined as two consecutive quarters of decline in the gross domestic product, or GDP- were viewed as the greatest of economic threats. When the danger of recession appeared most serious, the government sought to strengthen the economy by spending heavily itself or by cutting taxes so that consumers would spend more, and by fostering rapid growth in the money supply, which also encouraged more spending. In the 1970s, major price increases, particularly for energy, created a strong fear of inflation, which is an increase in the overall level of prices. As a result, government leaders came to concentrate more on controlling inflation than on combating recession by limiting spending, resisting tax cuts, and reining in growth in the money supply. A New Plan for Stabilizing the Economy Ideas about the best tools for stabilizing the economy changed substantially between the 1960s and the 1990s. In the 1960s, the government had great faith in fiscal policy, or the manipulation of government revenues to influence the economy. Since spending and taxes are controlled by the president and the Congress, these elected officials played a leading role in directing the economy. A period of high inflation, high unemployment, and huge government deficits weakened confidence in fiscal policy as a tool for regulating the overall pace of economic activity. Instead, monetary policy- controlling the nations money supply through such devices as interest rates- assumed a growing involvement. Monetary policy is directed by the nations central bank, known as the Federal Reserve Board, which has considerable independence from the president and the Congress. The Fed was created in 1913 in the belief that centralized, regulated control of the nation’s monetary system would help alleviate or prevent financial crises such as the  Panic of 1907, which started with a failed attempt to corner the market on the stock of the United Copper Co. and triggered a run on bank withdrawals and the bankruptcy of financial institutions nationwide. Source Conte, Christopher and Albert Karr.  Outline of the U.S. Economy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State.

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Assignment 2 - Essay Example Assessing the risk comprehensively includes evaluating the total magnitude and likelihood of the potentiality of losses, and also offers a full understanding, of the roots and impact of these losses (Kevin, n.d.). A comprehensive risk assessment involves the following steps: 1. Setting and understanding the context. It involves articulating the objectives and the parameters of the institution considers when managing risks. This is assesses the current situation, needs gaps and evaluates what already exists, to build on the capacity and avoid duplication of efforts. This is carried out through a systematic inventory and evaluation of the already existing risk assessment studies and the available data (FIRESCOPE, 1994). 2. Hazard identification This involves finding the type, location, intensity, and likelihood of threats and risks prevalent in a given community. 3. Evaluating exposure This identifies the population and the property that is at risk and demarcates disaster prone areas. 4. Analysis of vulnerability This determines the capacity of the elements in a given community at risk to withstand the risk conditions. 5. Impact analysis This outlines the estimation of potential losses of the exposed population, property, livelihood, environment and the economy. 6. Profiling the risk This evaluates the various cost effective risk reduction options available, in terms of the ability of the community in risk reduction and its socio-economic concerns. 7. Formulation and revisions of action strategies and plans. This involves setting priorities, allocation of resources (both human and financial) and initiating relevant programmes. The all hazards approach entails inclusion of all the possible types of risk or threat in risk assessment. It aims to include all the types of risk, irrespective of the source, to give a standardized overview guided by a set of principles and steps. It’s a comprehensive and integrated means of assessing threats and risks. Assessing r isks using the all hazards approach in an integrated way significantly reduces the vulnerability of people, property, environment and the economy (Service, 2010). Question 2 Business continuity refers to the ability of an organization to provide support and service to its clients and its ability to keep up its viability before, during and after a business continuity occurrence. It’s a holistic management approach that recognizes the potential impact that would threaten the firm and it offers a framework of building the capacity and resilience for an effective response so as to safeguard its interests. Although it may be more practical for large businesses, it is very important to maintain full functioning throughout a disaster crisis. Business continuity plans also outlines the basic concerns like the leadership command in an event a company leader dies or is really ill. They also address backup plans for drastic scenarios such as patent lawsuits, labour disputes, or bottlene cks distortions. This allows the leaders to review the threats and weaknesses to their organization from a detached point of view. Tight plans guarantee the teams that the leaders are aware of how to turn on a dime when in challenging times. The process can also highlight the weaknesses of an organization can correct way before facing a disaster. For a business to be successful, it has to constantly meet the needs to its customers. Failure to

Media Entertainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Media Entertainment - Essay Example This report declares that the purpose of media entertainment is to, simply put, entertain the masses. The various mediums of media offer different experiences, allowing everyone to have more than a couple of options of how to be entertained. Music entertainment exists for people who only want to please their sense of hearing; for people that like to sing along with their music, it also offers them the chance to engage with this form of entertainment. Television shows and movies provide people with the opportunity to watch various exploits as if viewing from the sidelines. Video games all people to actually engage with the storyline of their entertainment. For those that like to watch or listen to news broadcasts or sporting events, they can do so without having to leave their home. There is a form of media for everyone. This paper explores that the various functions of media entertainment encompass various ways to entertain and inform people. Though there are people that believe the media will be the downfall of intelligence in children and the human race as a whole, studies have shown that being subjected to media entertainment, regardless of the medium, can help a person to become well rounded and cultured, as they are experiences different life events, situations, and artistic expression via the media. However, to make the learning experience more enjoyable, the media really has to play up on the entertaining aspects of their entertainment. Likewise, the entertaining aspects of the media also need to be as such to attract various audiences and to bring them coming back for more.

Health Care and Transportation in Germany from a Cultural Perspective Research Paper

Health Care and Transportation in Germany from a Cultural Perspective - Research Paper Example Moreover, the elderly are given preference when it comes to treatment as they are they perceived to be more delicate. They believe that an individual’s health is of utter importance and paramedics must be professional enough in handling health-related cases. What’s more, a Drogerie or â€Å"drug store† does not sell medicines or drugs; it is more of a mart for detergents, toiletries, and beauty products. Since Germans are health conscious and value prevention more than cure, consumption of biskost (biologically-grown foods), natural foods, vitamins, herbal teas and health foods are encouraged (Wiltenburg, 182). They can be purchased from a Bioladen (small shops that stock highly nutritious foods rich in vitamins and other minerals) at reasonable prices. When one is in need of cure, recovery, or preventive medicine, they should visit a Kurort (a pharmacy in the American context; it stocks common drugs but the prescription is given). Germany enjoys a high level of healthcare with high life expectancy and low infant mortality rates. While working in Germany, one must comprehend the mix of the private and public health insurance (Expatica, N. pg). Employees are allowed to hold both private and public health insurance covers but must display the aptitude and capability to meet the cost of both covers. To obtain a residence visa, foreign inhabitants must provide substantiation of being under a public health insurance coverage. Noteworthy, Germany operates a government-sponsored â€Å"sickness fund† called Krankenkasse which provides coverage against most predominant ailments in the country, and employees are expected to subscribe to this fund and contribute accordingly (Herb, 2). All employees, whether insiders or outsiders are expected to honour contributions since violation is criminalized and indictable. Similarly, while Americans are familiar with pharmacies, managers in Germany are required to operate or be linked to an Apotheker which does not only provide drugs such as aspirin but also provides a considerable help to employees with a disorder (Herb, 2).  Ã‚  

Measuring Consistency Among Management of Employees

Measuring Consistency Among Management of Employees Conceptualisation, Measurement And Effects Introduction Of The Research Problem And Research Questions This research project focuses on the development and validation of a method for measuring consistency among practices in the management of employees, a field often referred to as Human Resource Management (HRM). With the increasing importance of the ‘human factor in modern organizations, HR-issues have become more salient to organizations that believe that people are their most important asset in achieving organizational goals. Different streams of HR-consistency research can be identified, often divided in the categories ‘external consistency and ‘internal consistency. Both streams of research are in development because of the notion that in the case of external consistency the alignment of HRM practices (e.g. selection, training, pay, appraisal, job security, participation) with business strategy results in positive outcomes. This research project focuses on the concept of ‘internal consistency. The idea central to internal consistency is the positive outcomes generated by consistent combinations of multiple HRM practices, where the effect of the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Many authors already outline the idea that sets of consistent HRM practices can reinforce employee attitudes and behaviour (e.g. Wright McMahan, 1992; Ichniowski et al., 1996; Guest, 1997, Baron Kreps, 1999; Ostroff Bowen, 2000, Boselie, 2002), but also that inconsistent combinations can be ‘deadly (Becker, Huselid, Pickus Spratt, 1997) or create ‘double binds that drive people crazy (Schneider, 1999). Baron Kreps (1999) describe the desirability of internal consistency in terms of the desirability of messages sent out to employees being simple (by following the same principles) and supportive of the same theme. By HRM practices being internally consistent, employees know what is expected of them and what they can expect in turn. Academic research on the effects of multiple HRM practices often proclaims to study internal consistency by defining sets of congruent HRM practices as a system. More specifically, it is suggested that systems of ‘high commitment practices increase organizational effectiveness by creating conditions where employees become highly involved in the organization and work hard to accomplish the organizations goals (Arthur, 1994; MacDuffie, 1995; Whitener, 2000). However, with the exception of Whitener (2000), researchers study the effects of high commitment HR systems on measures of organizational effectiveness without investigating the relationship between high commitment HRM practices and aspects of employee commitment. Stated is that very little is known about how and through which processes HRM practices influences organizational performance (Guest, 1997; Becker, Huselid, Pickus Spratt, 1997; Ostroff Bowen, 2000). Intermediate processes that ultimately affect performance outcomes are referred to as the ‘black box of the HRM-outcome link (e.g. Wright Gardner, 2003). Unlocking the ‘black box means identifying HR-objects that are relevant to employee performance. Ostroff Bowen (2000) state that an HR system is believed to be a complex set of practices that is designed to influence employees attributes that are purported to be the mediating mechanism that links HRM practices and performance outcomes. This proposal identifies the employee attributes of development, wellbeing and motivation to be general goals of HRM activities in creating employee commitment to the organization. Following Guest (1997) and Ostroff Bowen (2000), it is expected that within the variety of HRM practices that an organization holds, different ‘bundles of HRM practices or configurations of internal consistent HRM practices are reinforcing and complementary towards these three different objects that link HRM and outcomes.: Well-being Performance Internal Consistent HR- configurations Motivation Development Another focus of the research project is the conceptualisation of   different configurations of internal consistent HRM practices towards employee development, well-being and motivation. In search for a clear rationale or clear rationales for the way any one practice reinforces the effectiveness of others, no explicit theories for the combined effect of HRM practices are present. Much of the effort done to identify internal consistent practices is by seeking statistical justification for fitting practices afterwards (Guest, 1997; Youndt, Snell, Dean Lepak, 1996; Huselid, 1995). The statistical justification however raises questions on what the explanation of effects of internal consistency is. This study will concentrate on constructing a theory-driven framework for HR-consistency. Finally, the measurement of consistent HRM practices is still discussed in recent literature. Wright Gardner (2003) argue that regarding the level of analysis of HRM practices, most research has concentrated on identifying sets of HRM practices at the organizational level by using single-respondent measures of sets of HRM practices. But the assumption that HRM practices are invariable across large groups of jobs within organizations is not feasible, as Lepak Snell (2002) pointed out. This suggests that lowering the level of analysis could give a more accurate insight in the variation of sets of HRM practices within organizations and across job groups or (business) units. Additionally, gathering data by using single-responses of HR-managers on which HRM practices are in place, probably gives no accurate reflection of reality. Such single-respondent measures of sets of HRM practices are subject to, for instance, the respondents degree of accurate information. Therefore, Guest (1999) and Wright and Gardner (2003) have proposed to measure HRM practices through individual employee perceptions, since employees are the focal unit HRM practices aim at. As such, the research project will focus on the perception op employees on HRM practices. Taken together, this research project aims at the development and validation of a theory-driven method for measuring internal HR-consistency towards employee outcomes as development, well-being and motivation. Further, it examines the contribution of consistency among HRM practices to employee performance. With the notion there is little agreement among researchers on (1) what theoretical basis can be given for consistent combinations of HRM practices (MacDuffie, 1995; Guest, 1997; Ostroff Bowen, 2000), (2) also very little has been done to test internal consistency (Purcell, 1999), and (3) little is known on which consistent HRM practices lead to which outcomes (Dyer and Reeves, 1995; Becker Gerhart, 1996), this leads to the following research questions: Research Problem The research problems central to this proposal are: Which different theoretical approaches to different configurations of internal consistent HRM practices can be identified and what are the implications for the conceptualisation of HR-consistency? How to measure the consistency among HRM practices? What is the effect of internally consistent HRM practices on employee outcomes and organizational performance? Elaboration Of The Research Problems Working towards the development of an instrument for measuring   consistency among HRM practices, three studies involve conceptualisation, a pilot study and the main study testing the effect of HR consistency on performance outcomes. These studies are reviewed below. Conceptualisation Of Internal Hrconsistency Background In defining which consistent configurations of HRM practices are related to the specific objects of development, well-being and motivation, different theoretical approaches can be taken. Working towards a conceptualisation of HR-consistency, some theoretical insights with respect to the combination of HRM practices that already have been made, are described in short here. First, Guest (1997; 2001) refers to the variants of expectancy theory (e.g. Vroom, 1964) as a useful theory with respect to explaining the effects of HRM practices on employee outcomes through the enhancement of motivation. Variants of expectancy theory agree on the proposition that high performance at the individual level, depends on the motivation plus possession of the necessary skills and abilities and an appropriate role and the understanding of that role (Guest, 1997, p. 268). For the consistent combination of HRM practices Guest states there is a case for building on the variants of expectancy theory to combine three sets of practices concerned with competence (e.g. training and development practices or staffing practices), motivation (for example job security, individualized reward systems) and role utilization (for example involvement practices, job design practices). Second, Tsui, Pearce, Porter Tripoli (1997) and Tsui Wang (2002) treat several HRM practices as ‘inducements provided by the employer for expected contributions by the employee in four employment relationships approaches. For the primary conceptual foundation for the employment relationship framework Tsui et al. (1997) use exchange theories (e.g. Blau, 1964). Based on these theories HRM practices could be divided in job-focused and organization-focused HRM practices. Job-focused HRM practices (e.g. pay and short-term investments as job-related training) are consistent in a way they resemble an economic exchange that focuses employee attention on the work unit by formal goal setting, and rewarding unit performance. Organization-focused HRM practices (e.g. job security, participation, and career planning) are consistent in a way they resemble a more social exchange indicating the employers investment in employees and in return investments of employees (e.g. learning new skills, investing in social relationships, flexibility) in the organization. This shows that by building on expectancy theory or exchange theory different bundles of consistent HRM practices arise towards different objects. For the development of an instrument, more insight in different theoretical approaches is required. To review the work already done in this field, this study provides an inventory of different theoretical approaches towards HRM and its outcomes. The aim is to conceptualise this inventory of consistent HRM practices towards employee development, well-being and motivation. Methodology To determine the conceptual structure of the concept of internal consistency we make use of facet analysis. Based on different theoretical approaches, this analysis is conducted to screen topics concerning HR and work practices and their relation with development, well-being, motivation within existing (empirical) literature and instruments. For an extensive screening the following guidelines are used: Literature and instruments are used within the field of organization of labour, Human Resource Management, social policy, work governance models. Literature and instruments can also concern other aspects than only HRM practices The instruments can range from questionnaires, interview methods, to checklists For each theoretical concept of internal consistency towards the three separate objects, HRM practices listed in the various instruments will be identified. Finally, in this qualitative research consistent sets of HRM practices and measures are clustered. Product A product of this study is a first review article on the concept of consistency: Conceptualizing Consistency Among Hrm Practices Conceptual Model Study Well-being Internal Consistent HR- configurations Motivation Development Facet 2 Facet 3 Facet 1 Facet X Pilot Project: Measuring Internal Consistency Background After study 1 proposes which HRM practices theoretically constitute consistent sets of HRM practices towards employee development, well-being motivation, the focus of study 2 is on the measurement of internal HR-consistency. As noted above, consistency among HRM practices towards objects as employee development, well-being and motivation could serve as theoretical framework for identifying the link between consistency and performance outcomes. But how do we measure the different HRM practices? Do employees perceive the same HRM practices to be consistent towards these three objects? Testing the reliability of different internal HR-consistency configurations towards these three objects of consistency is the main focus for the development of a measure for consistency among HRM practices. This study contains a pilot project concerned with the development and testing the reliability of an instrument and procedure to empirically grasp the concept of HR-consistency as perceived by one of the stakeholders, namely the employees affected by them. Methodology A pilot study will be conducted to develop a reliable instrument and validate the measurement of the concept of internal HR-consistency set out in study. Through self-reports, a sample of 300 employees will be studied on their perception of HRM practices in their organization. To ensure that the instrument will be applicable to a wide range of employees, we will use a stratified sample, stratified according to sex, age, job level, company size and working for a profit or non-profit organization. Employees are selected within this sampling frame. Also the objects of development, well-being and motivation at an individual level will be studied by using commonly accepted scales. When possible, these first data will be collected through data collection within master thesis projects. Internal consistency will be measured both directly and indirectly. Indirectly, by examining if theory-driven consistent configurations of HRM practices promote the objects of development, well-being and motivation. Directly, by asking employees which consistency among HRM practices promote the three proposed employee outcomes. Both methods are used to strengthen the concept of consistency. Product Measuring Internal Consistency: A Pilot Project Conceptual Model Study Well-being Internal Consistent HR- configurations Motivation Development Effects Of Internal Consistency On Employee Performance Background The final step within this PhD project focuses on the performance outcomes of the way human resource practices coexist in a consistent or inconsistent manner. Predicted is that individual performance is promoted by HRM practices being consistent towards the three objects that mediate this relationship. A major question still remaining in HRM research is how HRM practices relate to performance outcomes (Ostroff Bowen, 2000; Guest, 1997). As noted earlier it is suggested that different theoretical mechanisms could serve as indicators of consistency among HRM practices that in turn affect different objects. The relationship between three HR-configurations towards development, well-being and motivation on the one hand and individual performance on the other hand will be tested to validate effective configurations of internal consistency examined in study. Methodology Results from the pilot study will be used to validate the instrument and further develop the instrument. For the main testing of effects of HR-consistency configurations on outcomes employee development, well-being, motivation and ultimately performance, two case-organizations, one profit and one nonprofit, will be selected to participate. To ensure that individual performance can be measured, the two organizations are selected on the basis of the use of formal job appraisals. In each of the selected organizations a sample 200 employees will be studied. The expectation is that by participating in the development of an instrument that can be used for own purposes concerning HR-decisionmaking, financial resources for his project could be ensured through mutual interest. The instrument could serve as a HRM scan for organizations and, as such, improve their employee policies by giving insight in the mechanism and effects of their HRM practices. Another goal is to establish long-term collaborations with interested organizations to keep track of the effectiveness of the instrument. Results Relevance The most important result of the research project is a dissertation consisting of four academic articles. The practical and societal relevance of the project is mainly to establish evidence for the importance of HR-consistency and insight in how that affects the employees as well as the organization. In this way conceptualising HR-processes and visualising their effects make a contribution. The relevance of this study lies in extending the literature on internal consistency by also taking the consistency-well-being link and the consistency-development link into account. Also relevant is linking the changing tenure to more performance-based practices to outcomes for wellbeing and development of employees. Another relevant aspect is handing out HR-professionals a theory-driven framework and instrument to asses their internal HR-policy. Other stakeholders such as unions or work councils could benefit while negotiating wages and benefits in the light of consistency with other HRM practices already present. A final point of relevance concerns the contribution to the research program of the department of Human Resource Studies (PEW) by providing tools for further research by the department. References Arthur, J.B. (1994). Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turn-over. Academy of management journal, 37, p.670-687. Baron , J.N. Kreps, D.M. (1999). Strategic Human Resources. New York: Wiley Sons. Becker, B. Gerhart,B. (1996). The impact of Human Resource Management on organizational Performance: Progress Prospects. Academy of Management Journal, 39, p.779-801 Becker, B., Huselid, M., Pickus P. Spratt, M. (1997). HR as a source of shareholder value: research and recommendations. Human Resource Management, 36, p.39-47 Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley. Boselie, P. (2002). Human resource management, work systems and performance : a theoretical-empirical approach. Amsterdam: Thela Thesis (dissertation). Dyer, L. Reeves, T. (1995). HR strategies and firm performance: what do we know and where do we need to go. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 6, p.656-670 Guest, D.E. (1997). Human resource management and performance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8 (3), 263-275. Guest, D.E. (1999). Human resource management: The Workers Verdict. Human Resource Management Journal, 9 (3), 5-25 Guest, D.E. (2001). Human resource management: When research confronts theory. International Journal Human Resource Management, 12 (7), 10-25 Huselid, M.A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turn-over, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of management journal, 38, 635-672. Lepak, D.P. Snell, S.A. (2002). Examining the Human Resource Architecture: The relations among Human Capital, Employment and Human Resource Configurations. Journal of Management, 28 (4), 517-543. MacDuffie, J.P. (1995). Human Resource Bundles and Manufacturing Performance. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 48 (2), 197-221 Ostroff, C., Bowen, D. E. (2000). Moving HR to a higher level: HR practices and organizational effectiveness. In K. J. Klein S. W. J. Koslowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations. Tsui, A.S., Pearce, J.L., Porter, L.W., Tripoli, A.M. (1997). Alternative approaches to employee-organizational relationship: Does investment in employees pay off? Academy of management journal, 40 (5), 1089-1121 Tsui, A.S., Wang (2002). Employment relationships from the employers perspective: Current Research and Future Directions. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 17, 77-114 Vroom, V. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: John Wiley and Sons Whitener, E.M. (2001). Do â€Å"high commitment† human resource practices affect employee commitment? A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of Management, 27, p.515-535. Wright, P.M. McMahan, G.C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18, 195-320. Wright, P.M. Gardner, T.M. (2003) The Human Resource-Firm Performance relationship: Methodological and Theoretical Challenges in Holman, D., Wall, T.D, Clegg, C.W., Sparrow, P. Howard, A. (Eds.) The New Workplace: A guide to the human impact of modern working practices.

Colonies Essay -- essays research papers

The Middle and Southern settlements were as different as night and day. Established for different economical and social reasons, these two colonial areas share very few similarities. Reasons for their migration and their final destinations greatly influenced the outcome of each society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the Southern Colonies were formed by aristocratic Europeans who came to the New World in search of land. These wealthy people brought Europeans and African servants. In their new home, the aristocrats produced a society in which only the wealthy had power. They tried and at some times forced their servants to convert to Christianity. They were constantly battling the Native Americans and had little respect for them. On the other hand, unhappy New England colonists and Europeans wanting complete freedom settled the middle colonies. The settlement of these lands was mainly started by William Penn. Penn, received land for the King for debts owed to his father. It was Penn’s goal to create a society in which all people were equal. There was no slavery in the Middle Colonies, unlike the Southern Colonies, and by law, all men could own land. Also, they respected the natives and even employed them from time to time. They remarked on how it wasn’t nec essary to bare weapons around these people. Although the goal of these settlements was complete religious toleration, it wasn’t totally feasible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, the colonies in the south ... Colonies Essay -- essays research papers The Middle and Southern settlements were as different as night and day. Established for different economical and social reasons, these two colonial areas share very few similarities. Reasons for their migration and their final destinations greatly influenced the outcome of each society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the Southern Colonies were formed by aristocratic Europeans who came to the New World in search of land. These wealthy people brought Europeans and African servants. In their new home, the aristocrats produced a society in which only the wealthy had power. They tried and at some times forced their servants to convert to Christianity. They were constantly battling the Native Americans and had little respect for them. On the other hand, unhappy New England colonists and Europeans wanting complete freedom settled the middle colonies. The settlement of these lands was mainly started by William Penn. Penn, received land for the King for debts owed to his father. It was Penn’s goal to create a society in which all people were equal. There was no slavery in the Middle Colonies, unlike the Southern Colonies, and by law, all men could own land. Also, they respected the natives and even employed them from time to time. They remarked on how it wasn’t nec essary to bare weapons around these people. Although the goal of these settlements was complete religious toleration, it wasn’t totally feasible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, the colonies in the south ...

Hills Like White Elephants Essay

In the story â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† the vague dialogue conveys an allusive tone, in order to be represented correctly the author puts more emphasis in the character’s interaction with the setting. The setting is at a stopping point before their final destination. The dialogue mainly transpires throughout between the Girl and the American. This story is based around a vague dialogue, but is filled with the observations of the setting in order to express the pressure, significance, and opinions upon the subject at hand. In order grasp these messages, the reader interprets through the vivid imagery that is depicted by the author.The style of writing conveys this picture with an intended amount of clarity to leave the rest up to the reader to elucidate. This clarification is necessary in order for the reader to truly grasp the decision at hand and the weight of it as well. A metaphorical aspect of the setting is the â€Å"Elephant in the Room [2]†. This im plies that there is a subject that no one truly wants to discuss, and is left there to fester within the subconscious of these two characters until they have finally reached their decision. Another extended metaphor throughout the story is â€Å"†¦Like White Elephants†.This symbol can be interpreted as a great gift given to a person, but it is also a heavy burden that most would not desire. At this time they are having the discussion on whether or not to have an â€Å"Operation†. There are four main aspects of the setting that reflect upon the tone. The first are the hills mentioned in the beginning of the story. The second is the isolation between the two characters within the train station, and this is mainly because of it’s opposition to the tone, The first part of the setting that is mentioned is the hills along the Ebro Valley that from their perspective has no shade or trees.The absence of shade represents the blatant manner of how the American goes a bout convincing the girl in this story. Over and over again he promises happiness if she agrees. The trees represent life she is considering having. The absence of shade also shows why there is an absence of trees. As the â€Å"sun† overwhelms the â€Å"trees† they start to wither away. For example, later in the story as another form of persuasion he says â€Å"I don’t want you to do it if you feel that way [1]† in order to coax her in to making the decision he wishes for without making it seem that he had any influence with it.This displays the American’s true intention to rid Jig and himself of the baby. The lack of shade may also symbolize the lack of thought the girl goes through for the American’s suggestions. For example, the girl does not speak Spanish and therefore relies on him in order to get her a drink, and after that she also asks him if a drink is good with water claiming that she couldn’t decide this on her own. Her dep endency on the American in these situations indicates how reliant she is on him. This is an example of why she is so incapable of making such heavy decision.The second significant aspect of the setting is the Train station. The statement â€Å"the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. [3]† this has two significant observations. The first is the fact that the station is between two lines. This means that the conversation and the two’s relationship is at a â€Å"Stop† or a crossroad. At this point they are to make an important decision about whether or not to keep the baby. In this story you’ll notice the dialogue of the girl sounds somewhat ambivalent due to the way her decision sways back and forth. This is a prime example of why.What she sees on that side ultimately depicts the choice she is about to make. For example; in the story the reader may notice that there are â€Å"no trees† along the hillside. Later in the story the American is still busy trying to convince and then she gets up and she walks to the other side of the station she notices fields of prospering vegetation full of life alongside a flowing river whose viscosity emphasizes the idea of moving forward. These enticing promises from the American paired with the barren valley are dwarfed by the cornucopia of life seen within the field on the other.The juxtaposition between the two sides represents the heaviness of the choice on whether to give life or take it. The second tone-related characteristic of this station was the drinking between the American and the girl. As the girl and the American sat, she asked him what they should drink the American suggested alcohol. The beer was a way of escaping the serious discussion the two were trying to avoid. The alcohol was a method of getting around the â€Å"Elephant in the Room† with such dry small talk as â€Å"The beer is nice and cool [4]† or â€Å"They look like white elephants†¦.. I`ve never seen one†¦no you wouldn’t have [5]†.The girl points out that this routine of â€Å"look at thing and try new drinks? [6]†has grown tiring. This is the first change in her mood that is noticed, but after this small inquiry she recedes into her submissive nature continues this throughout most of the story. The third aspect of the setting that expresses the allusive tone is the juxtaposition between the two sides of the valley. This is another example of the reader relying on the setting in order to understand the representation of the tone. One of the sides features long white hills that resemble white elephants and are without shade or any trees.White Elephants are a symbol of burden, which anyone would normally abhor from. This mainly represents the American’s view on how this pregnancy will affect the two of them and how they’ll live. He states â€Å"We`ll be fine afterwards [7]† and â€Å"That’s the only thing that bothers us. [8]† in order to convince her about the positive things that will come out of this operation. The girl later retracts the statement about the hills looking like white elephants but states â€Å"They’re lovely hills†¦.. They don’t really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring through the trees. 9]†. This portrays a sudden change within the girl; from being very submissive to what the American suggests (Reason why she sees the hills without trees and lifeless) to questioning the reason for avoiding the true matters at hand (Reason she now sees flaws in his logic and starts form optimistic views about how the baby should not have an effect on how their relationship functions. ). The trees on this side of the station ultimately resemble the life she can hope for, but the other side of the station represents a promise of homogenous happiness.This side is showcases the joys of not having to worry about the â€Å"One thing that mak es unhappy†. The fields of grain and the river appeared to represent the progress that the American promised. While the girl stares into this auspicious land a cloud’s shadow is cast upon it. This shadow foretells the future that land that would prosper will have the shadow’s influence over, meaning the American will most likely take over her will and rid her of independent thought. Moreover there have already been examples of her relying on him for the simple decisions, and taking his desires as a primary concern instead of her own.The fourth aspect setting that reflects the allusive tone is the train. This part of the story conveys a sense of pressure to the story since it occurs within a time period of 40 minutes. Also since this in an unpopulated train station the sense of isolation also has an effect on the characters. This sense of isolation forces them to face the â€Å"Elephant in the Room† no matter how much they want and they must face it within the time frame. In order to avoid â€Å"talking with her† or communication between each other he speaks to her as if his attention was omewhere else. This explains why the American’s compelling reasoning is being heard over and over again. It’s mainly because he wants her to see his view and submit to his â€Å"Suggestion†. Once his suggestions fail he entices her with promises of affluence in the future by showing her the land and saying all this could be ours. The girl once again falls under the pressure of the time frame she has to make the choice and looking for relationship security, but after her acceptance of this the American perseveres with his insistence.In response the asks for silence or otherwise she’ll scream, this symbolizes the need for seclusion in order to steal away from the constant battering and pressure of another’s thoughts. The Woman then comes out with more alcohol in order to break the tension, also adds more pressu re by saying â€Å"The train comes in five minutes. [10]†. Instead of reiterating his last point he decides to take the heavy bags to the other side of the station, and when he comes back he decides to sit at the bar instead of the table with the Girl. He asks her if she felt better now and she replies with â€Å"I feel fine†¦.There’s nothing wrong with me. I feel fine. [11]† This tells us that she has resolved the issue by herself and is ready to continue with what she desires. In conclusion, we see that the different parts of the setting portray different methods of expressing their decision due to the lack of direct dialogue. Through things such as scenery like the hills; the change in how she sees them represent how her forms and has changed from when the story started. It has also been depicted through how the different sides of the train station juxtapose one another.On one side prosperity and promising futures are seen, but on the other side the deso late, dry, and lifeless hills promise nothing but a lack of progression. Another way the train station represents the tone is the change in what the girl sees alongside the hill as she abjures her previous statement and restates the hills no longer seem like white elephants but only appear that way through the trees. This change in viewpoint shows how she is starting to no longer lean on the opinion of the American and form one of her own.This retraction of her statement also means that she no longer sees this birth as the burden or the â€Å"Only thing that makes us unhappy† anymore. And lastly the inclusion of a timeframe increase the amount of weight that is felt within the decision making process. The train shows why the American is trying to be overly-persuasive in this conversation in order to convince her to go through with the operation. Overall, Ernest Hemingway expresses the majority of the decision through the characteristics of the setting and how the characters a re willing, unwilling, or unable to interact with one another.

Loan Syndication

LOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA TABLE OF CONTENT Title page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the study 2. Statement of the problem 3. Objectives of the study 4. Significance of the study 5. Scope, limitations and delimitations 6. Statement of hypothesis 7. Definition of terms. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 1. Types and sources of loan to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. 2. Factors to be considered by Consortium of Financial Institutions before giving out Loans to business Organization. . Factors to be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using Loan syndication as a source of finance. 4. Securities and interest rates acceptable to the Union Bank of Nigeria. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 1. Sources of data 2. Survey Instrument or Instrument of Data collection. 3. Location of data 4. Research questions. CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 1. Presentatio n of Data 2. Analysis of data 3. Interpretation of Data. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1. Findings 2. Recommendation 3. Conclusion Bibliography Appendix PROPOSALLOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA Lack of fund has been one of the major problems militating against the progress and growth of our business organizations in Nigeria. This is caused by a lot of factors such as low savings (vicious circle of poverty), ignorance of the public to invest, mismanagement etc. there are many ways of solving the problems of finance and providing adequate finance to our business organizations such as equity stock, savings, ploughing back profits, but for the purpose of this research, we have to pay attention to loan syndication.This research will focus on the appraisal of the methods and ways through which Union Bank of Nigeria Plc source for fund in form of loan from a group of financial institutions such as commercial banks, merchant ba nks, insurance companies, development banks and financial institution like governments thrift societies friends. It will also focus on the different classes of loan notably, long-term loan, medium term loan, and short term loan.The classes of loan provided by the different types of financial institutions enumerated above will also be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using loan as a source of finance instead of other sources. Similarity, it is also pertinent to treat the factors, which are considered by consortium of financial institutions before giving out loans to business organizations. The securities and interest rates treatment acceptable to the consortium will also be look into. Also, the reason why some financial institutions do not go into loan syndication will also be inquired into.Before ending this research, it is important to study how the interest of the constitution is protected in the Union Bank of Nigeria as well as how the interest of each member of the con sortium is protected within the group. These points enumerated above when treated, Union Bank of Nigeria chooses to finance their projects and particularly loan syndication and we feel anybody who enjoys it. Summarily, the research work will be grouped into five chapters. Chapter one will contain the introduction, sub-topics as background of study, statement of problem, objectives of study, significance of study and so on.Chapter two contains the literature review. This chapter will give the detailed analysis of the topic. It is here that we state the meaning of the topic of the research different types of syndicated credit finance, the procedures for syndicating a loan etc. Chapter three will cover the research methodology and techniques. The sources of data, the instrument of data of data collection and the place the data is located. Chapter four, which is the data presentation and analysis will show the presentation of the data collected both in tables and charts, pie chart may a lso be used. Finally, chapter five which summaries the other chapters.The findings recommendations and the conclusion will be contained in this chapter. Having said much, this research study will be specifically limited to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc Onitsha Anambra State. CHAPTER ONE 1. 1 INTRODOUCTION OF THE STUDY The velalive insufficiency of fund for capital investment is a common factor in every economy especially in developing counties of the world. In developing counties like Nigeria; the low level of capital investment manifest in high unemployment rates; low productivity and corresponding low standard of living for greater majority of the population.Finding a solution to this problem of providing fund for capital investment has been a major pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria. Beyond the traditional term loan; share offers; bonds and on; business organizations and financial institutions alike have sought out avenue to tackle the problem of insufficient fund fo r capital investment. One of the solutions they have come up with is syndicated loan or multiple credit facilities , which is aimed at spreading risks and weakening the impact of restricting laws and regulation on lending by financial institutions .Syndicate has been defined as an association of industrialist, or financial or banking consortium forced to carry out some industrial projects. Accordingly, loan syndication is basically defined as an agreement between two or borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation. The spectacular growth of loan syndication as an alternative financial instrument for business organization occurred as response to several economic factors in Nigeria. Notable among these were: – The National industrial policy of 1989, which is aimed at achieving, accelerated pace of industrial growth in Nigeria economy. The Introduction of structural adjustment programmed in 1986, culminating in the establishment of foreign Exchange market (F E M) and depreciation of the aria, This made imported machinery and equipment very expensive and requiring hung capital outlays which most companies or financial institution can not comfortably afford. – Restriction on credit expansion by government and monetary authorities to minimize inflation. Central bank of Nigeria dose not included syndicated loan finance with in the credit checking, banks are there fore, able to syndicate loans with out interfering with the credit ceiling. The scrapping of import license regime which enabled more users of imported equipment and machineries to source and bring into the country. – Deregulation of interest rate made loan syndication attractive to both business organizations and financial institutions. The above factors concerned with the persistent domestic inflation and arising cost of domestic production have increased the magnitude of credits demand by vanoys users of fund particularly the industrial producers.In addition, ther e are certain legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial and merchant banks such as the statutory lending limit as provided in the banking act of 1969s. 13 (1) , the liquidity requirement ,e t c . In order to surmount these legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial bank (union bank) and merchant banks, loan syndication has become an attractive credit delivery technique aimed at spreading risks reducing the impact of the restricting laws and regulations.Currently, there exists no comprehensive enacted law on loan syndication in the country as to regulate the activities of the financial institution that lead and participate in the syndication. What is perhaps significant about loan syndication in the country is not the rapid growth of the financial institutions involved loan syndication, but their activities which have been quite remarkable over the years.Also, the study of the extent to which union bank of Nigeria plc employ syndic ated loan as an alternative financing means with particular reference to Anambra and Enugu states respective financing means with loan as an alternatively have been carried out in this study. The researcher carefully appraised all aspects of loan syndication as financing alternative in the country from the point of view of the borrower. It is also made clear in this work that consideration of numerous merits of syndicated loan financing as against its demerits.It is not to be used as a last resort but should be considered alongside with equivalent alternatives. All these notwithstanding the most important of this study (it empirical study) is to know the popularity of syndicated loan financing among business organization in the country and the extent to which they employ it as financing alternative, no such study has been carried out in Nigeria. For the empirical study, Anambra and Enugu State respectively have been chosen due to constraint imposed by cost and short-term on the rese archer, otherwise the researcher could have conducted the survey throughout the country. . STATEMENT OF PROBLEM There are conflicting views as to whether business organizations should be financed by syndicated loan or not. The opposition to the use of this alternative, especially in Nigeria, argues that syndicated loan is expensive and involves much administrative work. Also, there is need to point out in every clear terms the advantages inherent in syndicated loan as medium and long term financing alternative. Besides, a review of the role of financial institutions in financing Nigeria business organization through syndicate loan is of paramount importance.In addition to the above, the extent to which syndicated loan financing is embraced by Union bank of Nigeria Plc. In the country need to be studies to know actually whether the much emphasized syndicated loan financing is being employed as financing alternative in Nigeria. 3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study inclu des inter-allies; – An examination in general terms of the various issues involved in loan syndication. – To find out whether loan syndication is really a new approach to or another form of borrowing. To synthesize the merits and demerits of syndicated loan-financing vis-a-vis other sources of medium and long-term financing both by cost and codeless. – To survey the extent and prospects of loan syndication business in Nigeria analyzing critically the role of business organizations and financial institutions. – To find out whether loan syndication can help in industrial development of the country, especially under the current economic situation. – To examine the extent of penetration of syndicated loan financing among business organizations in the country. 1. 4SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis study will be of crucial benefit to the borrowers. The attention of the researcher was drawn by the need for loan syndication in Nigeria especially in the area of providing the borrower with credit facilities. This becomes obvious that will be a need to grant study that could examine loan syndication as it affects the investment and capital project outlays. Therefore, the significant of this study is to look into ways of making it easy for financing a capital project outlays which requires a syndicated loan, and also to encourage financial firms to jointly finance project which one financial firm cannot single handedly finance.It is hoped that after this study. It will be useful to every bank especially those in merchant banking and development banking. It will also provide information to general public on how to employ loan syndication as alternative business financing. This work is expected to be of immense values to the students in financial studies and other related courses mostly accountancy, banking and finance and so on, since this is part of what they are going to practice in their various place of work.Lastly, it will and government and other institutions to formulate suitable policy that will guide them in financing a big projects jointly with other financing firm. 1. 5SCOPE OF THE STUDY This research work only covers the loan syndication as an alternative business financing strategy in Nigeria. I took a close looks at the needs, functions and various benefit associated with Nigeria loan syndication. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The first limitation, which was obvious, is the dearth of statistical data.Lack of statistical data from our financial institutions like central bank of Nigeria (CBN), ministry of finance, including commercial and merchant banks where the researcher visited at Enugu, Onitsha and Lagos to collect list of corporations they have financed through syndicated loan adhered strictly to the rule of secretly in banking, thus they refused to release such information. Another problem is the time constraint. A research of this nature need relatively long time during which information for accurate infi rmness could be drawn, the period for the study is short , hence time posed as a constraint to the researcher.Lastly, as the cost, the researcher would have extended the survey to other states at the empirical level and this would have produced accurate and more comprehensive work but for the hinge cost of transportation and accommodation in the various state of the federation. It is not possible. 1. 6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS: Ho syndicated loan has been employed against other alternatives as a medium long term financing strategy. Hi syndicate loan has not been employed against other alternatives as a medium long term financing strategy. Ho does syndicate loan has any impact on our national economy?Hi syndicated loan has much impact in our national economy. Ho syndicated loan has much impact in our national economy. 1. 7 DEFINITION OF TERMS: The research topic has some key words, which call for treatment before anything else. SYNDICATE: It has been defined as an association of indus trialist, or financials or banking consortium forced to carry out come industrial projects. LOAN SYNDICATION: It is defined as an agreement between two or more lending financial institutions to provide a borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation. —–Important Instructions Start here—- PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s). Remember that our approved websites are www. careerslight. com or www. trustyprojects. com and our official phone numbers are 08169533305, 08158646653, 08126773402. Take Note of our websites and phone numbers or write them down. 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driving force; the road of adulthood

driving force; the road of adulthood The Driving Force: Road to AdulthoodI was excited rather than anything but nervous when about to drive for the first time, but that all changed as soon as I was about to get in the car. It was Sunday, the morning after I had just gotten my permit. Today was the day I was going to go driving for the first time. My parents and I had woken up extra early so there wouldn't be a lot of cars on the road. The sun had just woken up, the sky was a stunning light orange color and you could hear the birds singing. That day I woke up with exhilaration because I was eager to drive for the first time. The car I was going to drive was my mom's black colored Honda Accord. My Parents and I got in the car and my dad sat in the passenger seat while my mom sat in the back.custom car, shot at local car show/swap meetWhen I first sat in the car it felt a bit bizarre because I was not used to sitting in the driver's seat. In the car there were a lot of odd-looking buttons I had never used before. I felt li ke a pilot who had no idea what all the buttons in a plane meant, so my dad and I took a good fifteen minutes going through all the functions of the car and adjusting the seat and mirrors.Finally after all that commotion I put the keys in the car and started the car, and all of a sudden a wave of fear hit me like a whirling tornado. I got tensed all of a sudden. I was just excited to go drive a few seconds ago but as soon as I turned the car on I got tremendously nervous.

Retention and Satisfaction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Retention and Satisfaction - Research Paper Example Fleming and Stanway (2014) in their study to find out how the collaborative approach between facilitators and learning advisors towards ensuring student engagement found out that first-year students can benefit from the process. This collaboration is imperative especially considering that it allows students to ensure that they actively engaged in their learning; making it a priority within universities to help first years in their performance. Encouraging students to ensure that they are engaged in their learning is a process which helps them remain persistent in their education and helps in an increase in retention rates. Furthermore, the study implies that with better performance within the class environment, it becomes possible for students to achieve satisfaction. The study made by Fleming and Stanway (2014) can be contrasted to a past study by Pidcock (2001) who states that there is a difference between the retention rates of Hispanic and Anglo-American first-year college studen ts. This is because among Hispanic students, there is often very little reliance on external support to ensure their retention level and instead, they tend to be self-motivated in their learning process. The same is not the case among Anglo-American students who have a need for constant support from not only their families but also the institution to make sure that they do not drop out. This study is important because it allows for a greater perspective concerning retention rates within the different ethnicities in the United States.

Distribution of Wealth in the Jian and Hindu Religions Research Paper

Distribution of Wealth in the Jian and Hindu Religions - Research Paper Example Different religions have their own set of principles, ethics, and consecrated histories that defines and elucidate how the life and universe came into existence and the significance of life for an individual. Many of the religions and their belief systems have gained the acceptance by the universe, but it cannot come under consideration for the innumerable religions that exist in the world today. Many of the religions have defined themselves in sacerdotal hierarchies; have set structured behaviors for their members, where one should devote himself in the practices of the religion and should honor and give respect for their prayers and the immaculate places. Sermons, festivals, funeral ceremonies, meditation, wedding rituals, cultural characteristics like art, dance, and music are all components that make up a religion. Different cultures follow different values as some religions give more importance to their faiths and beliefs while others highlight the aspect of practice, thus the phenomenon of religion has taken various embodiments. Religions even focus and give high importance to the experiences and the actions of the spiritual leaders along with the incidents that occurred in their times. It has been an observation that a religion also plays a great deal of importance and comes under alliance with government, constitutional and legislative rankings. Although today, the wo rld is living in technological and scientific era, still, religion plays a significant and imperative part in one’s life as it has attained the focus of an individual due to the reason that it revolves around human’s life all the time. Individual tend to react in a calm and tranquil way to their problems and personal disasters and catastrophes as religion and its practice provides a person with the relief of their worries/tragedies. One can shape and enhance their personality, character, and social behaviors in a culture or nation through a source that comes under religion. Another important aspect of religion is that it helps in developing and controlling willpower in young generation as they undergo different changes around and inside them. Religion also teaches to have faith in God and stay away from the undesirable acts that may cause harm to them. As almost every religion has an essential learning that teaches us to maintain peace in the society and world and to h ave respect for all, but sometimes the religious discrepancies may lead to bloodshed, battles and biasness or unfair treatments. Religion is a source of influence and has a lot of supremacy in it, which can bring people of various environment, surroundings, and cultures under one roof for the sake of worship. With the numerous religions practiced all over world, Hinduism and Jainism are one of them that come under practice by the community of Indian subcontinent. The practices of Indian religions including Hinduism and Jainism involve concepts of dharma, karma, reincarnation, mantras, vantras, caste, and darsana. Hinduism is an ancient, primeval and one of the biggest religions practiced in the subcontinent. The concept of karma comes under application in the fundamental customs, everyday principles, and the wedding ceremonies of the Hindus. Hinduism is a religion that comprises of abundant of different philosophies of dharma and the major texts and epics that are of immense importa nce with respect to their beliefs includes â€Å"Mahabharata, Ramayana, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads and Puranas† (Das, pp. 5-45). The distinguished aspects of this religion also include the conviction of Hindus in reincarnation that is